|
Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
|
Recidivism of Supermax Prisoners in Washington State
David Lovell
University of Washington, Seattle, lovelld{at}u.washington.edu
L. Clark Johnson
University of Washington, Seattle
Kevin C. Cain
University of Washington, Seattle
This study of recidivism among Washington supermax prisoners used a retrospective matched control design, matching supermax prisoners one-to-one with nonsupermax prisoners on mental illness status and up to eight recidivism predictors. Supermax prisoners committed new felonies at a higher rate than nonsupermax controls, but the difference was not statistically significant. Prisoners released directly from supermax to the community, however, showed significantly higher felony recidivism rates than their nonsupermax controls and committed new offenses sooner than supermax prisoners who left supermax 3 months or more before prison release. Limitations, methodological issues, and policy implications are considered.
Key Words: recidivism • supermax • prisoners
References
- Barnoski, R., & Aos, S. (1999). Presentation to the standards and ranges committee, sentencing guidelines commission. Olympia, WA: Washington State Institute for Public Policy.
- Beck, A. (1997). Recidivism of prisoners released in 1983. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics.
- Briggs, C., Sundt, J., & Castellano, T. (2003). The effect of supermaximum security prisons on aggregate levels of institutional violence. Criminology, 41(4): 1341-1376.[CrossRef][Web of Science]
- Cloyes, K., Lovell, D., Allen, D., & Rhodes, L. (2006). Assessment of psychosocial impairment in a supermaximum security unit sample. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 33(6), 760-781.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Collins, W. (2004). Supermax prisons and the constitution: Liability concerns in the extended control unit. Washington, DC: National Institute of Corrections.
- Cook, T.D., & Campbell, D.T. (1979). Quasi-experimentation: Design & analysis issues for field settings. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
- Cousino, N. (Producer/Writer/Director). (2002). Concrete and sunshine [Motion picture]. (Available from Nicole Cousino, 1660 Ithaca Street, Chula Vista, CA 91913)
- Gagliardi, G., Lovell, D., Peterson, P., & Jemelka, R. (2004). Forecasting recidivism in mentally ill offenders released from prison. Law & Human Behavior, 28(2), 133-155.[CrossRef]
- Gendreau, P., Little, T., & Goggin, C. (1996). A meta-analysis of the predictors of adult offender recidivism: What works! Criminology, 34, 575-607.[CrossRef][Web of Science]
- Grassian, S., & Friedman, N. (1986). Effects of sensory deprivation in psychiatric seclusion and solitary confinement. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 8, 49-65.[CrossRef][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Haney, C. (1993). Infamous punishment: The psychological consequences of isolation. National Prison Project Journal, Spring 1993, 3-7, 21.
- Haney, C. (2003). Mental health issues in long-term solitary and "supermax" confinement. Crime and Delinquency, 49(1): 124-156.[CrossRef]
- Harrington, D. (1997). Caging the crazy: "Supermax" confinement under attack The Humanist, Jan/Feb, 14-19.
- Human Rights Watch. (1997). Cold storage: Super-maximum security confinement in Indiana. New York: Author.
- Human Rights Watch. (2000). Out of sight: Super-maximum security confinement in the United States. New York: Author.
- Jones'El v. Berge, 164 F.Supp.2d 1096 (W.D. Wis 2001).
- King, R. (1999). The rise and rise of supermax: An American solution in search of a problem? Punishment and Society, 1, 163-186.[CrossRef]
- Kurki, L., & Morris, N. (2001). The purposes, practices, and problems of supermax prisons. Crime and Justice, 28, 385-424.
- Lawrence, S., & Mears, D. (2004). Benefit-cost analysis of supermax prisons: Critical steps and considerations. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute.
- Lovell, D. (2003). Identification of offenders with serious mental illness in Washington department of corrections facilities. Olympia, WA: Department of Corrections.
- Lovell, D., Cloyes, K., Allen, D., & Rhodes, L. (2000). Who lives in super-maximum custody? A Washington State study. Federal Probation, 64(2): 33-38.[Web of Science]
- Lovell, D., Gagliardi, G., & Peterson, P. (2002). What happens to mentally ill offenders released from prison? Findings from Washington's Community Transitions Study. Psychiatric Services, 53(10), 1290-1296.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Lovell, D., Gagliardi, G., & Phipps, P. (2005). Washington's dangerous mentally ill offender law: Was community safety increased? Olympia, WA: Washington State Institute for Public Policy.
- Lovell, D., Johnson, D., Jemelka, R., Harris, V., & Allen, D. (2001). Living in prison after residential mental health treatment: A program follow-up. The Prison Journal, 81(4), 497-514.
- Lovell, D., & Rhodes, L. (1997, September). Mobile consultation: Crossing correctional boundaries to cope with disturbed offenders. Federal Probation, 41(3), 40-45.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Madrid v. Gomez, 889 F.Supp.1146 (N.D. Cal 1995).
- Mears, D.P., & Reisig, M. (2006). Theory and practice of supermax prisons. Punishment & Society, 8(1), 33-57.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Mears, D.P., & Watson, J. (2006). Towards a fair and balanced assessment of supermax prisons. Justice Quarterly, 23(2), 232-270.[CrossRef][Web of Science]
- Ohio Department of Rehabilitation & Correction, Bureau of Mental Health Services. (2000). Policy 319-11. Columbus, OH: Author.
- Palumbo, D., Hepburn, J., Griffin, M., Fischer, D., and Janisch, R. (2000). Taking back the yards: Controlling and managing prison gangs. Paper presented at the American Society of Criminology, San Francisco, CA.
- Pizarro, J., & Stenius, V. (2004). Supermax prisons: Their rise, current practices, and effect on inmates. The Prison Journal, 84(2), 248-264.[Abstract]
- Porter, B. (1998, November 8). Is solitary confinement driving Charlie Chase crazy? New York Times Magazine, 52-58.
- Rhodes, L. (2004). Total confinement: Madness and reason in maximum security. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
- Tabachnick, B.G., & Fidell, L.S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics (3rd ed.). New York: HarperCollins.
- Toch, H. (1982, fall). The disturbed disruptive inmate: Where does the bus stop? Journal of Psychiatry and Law, 327-349.
- Toch, H. (2001). The future of supermax confinement. The Prison Journal, 81(3), 376-88.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Toch, H. (2006). Sequestering gang members, burning witches, and observing due process. Unpublished manuscript.
- Toch, H., & Adams, K. (1986). Pathology and disruptiveness among prison inmates. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 23, 7-21.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Toch, H., & Adams, K. (2002). Acting out: Maladaptation in prisons. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
- Ward, A., & Werlich, T. (2003). Alcatraz and Marion: Evaluating super-maximum custody. Punishment and Society, 5, 53-75.[CrossRef]
- Zamble, E., & Quinsey, V.L. (1997). The criminal recidivism process. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
Crime & Delinquency, Vol. 53, No. 4,
633-656 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/0011128706296466
 CiteULike  Complore  Connotea  Del.icio.us  Digg  Reddit  Technorati  Twitter What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
T. A. Kupers, T. Dronet, M. Winter, J. Austin, L. Kelly, W. Cartier, T. J. Morris, S. F. Hanlon, E. L. Sparkman, P. Kumar, et al.
Beyond Supermax Administrative Segregation: Mississippi's Experience Rethinking Prison Classification and Creating Alternative Mental Health Programs
Criminal Justice and Behavior,
October 1, 2009;
36(10):
1037 - 1050.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Haney
A Culture of Harm: Taming the Dynamics of Cruelty in Supermax Prisons
Criminal Justice and Behavior,
August 1, 2008;
35(8):
956 - 984.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Lovell
Patterns of Disturbed Behavior in a Supermax Population
Criminal Justice and Behavior,
August 1, 2008;
35(8):
985 - 1004.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. A. Kupers
What To Do With the Survivors? Coping With the Long-Term Effects of Isolated Confinement
Criminal Justice and Behavior,
August 1, 2008;
35(8):
1005 - 1016.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
