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The Predictive Validity of a Gender-Responsive Needs Assessment

An Exploratory Study

Portland State University

Patricia Van Voorhis

University of Cincinnati

Georgia V. Spiropoulos

California State University, Fullerton

Risk assessment and classification systems for women have been largely derived from male-based systems. As a result, many of the needs unique to women are not formally assessed or treated. Emerging research advocating a gender-responsive approach to the supervision and treatment of women offenders suggests that needs such as abuse, mental health, substance abuse, relationship difficulties, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and parenting issues are important treatment targets. Although these needs may be highly prevalent among women offenders, they have not been adequately tested to determine their relationships with future offending. In response, the present study sought to understand whether gender-responsive needs contributed as risk factors to poor prison adjustment and community recidivism. Additionally, several types of risk assessment models were explored to determine whether gender-responsive needs enhanced the validities of currently established risk classification systems (i.e., a state’s institutional custody scale and the Level of Service Inventory-Revised). Patterns of results differed across prison and community outcomes, with some gender-responsive needs contributing to more valid risk assessment systems. As a pilot study, the results, although mixed, appear to support continued research on this topic.

Key Words: women offenders • risk-needs assessment • gender-responsive

This version was published on October 1, 2009

Crime & Delinquency, Vol. 55, No. 4, 550-585 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/0011128707308102


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